Potassium does not occur in nature because it is too reactive. It is used to make fertilizer, soap, and glass. In past centuries potash was made from ashes in pots. Potash is a mixture of potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide that has been used for a very long time. The word potassium comes from the word "potash". Potassium sulfate, colorless, used in fertilizers.Potassium sulfite, used in food preservation.Potassium permanganate, purple, disinfectant, oxidizing agent.Potassium perchlorate, used in some rockets.Potassium manganate, used to make potassium permanganate.Potassium iodide, used to supply iodine.Potassium iodate, used to supply iodine.Potassium hypomanganate, bright blue hypomanganate, rare. Potassium hydroxide, also known as potash, caustic, strong base, white solid.Potassium fluoride, used to make fluorine, corrosive.Potassium dichromate, red solid, oxidizing agent, toxic.Potassium chromate, yellow solid, oxidizing agent, toxic.Potassium chlorate, used in matches and explosives.Potassium carbonate, colorless, reacts with acids.Potassium bromide, colorless, used as sedative.Potassium bromate, colorless, oxidizing agent, used in flour.Potassium arsenite, colorless solid, toxic.Potassium arsenate, oxidizing agent, toxic.Potassium chromate is toxic because of the chromate, not the potassium. Potassium chromate is colored because of the chromate, not the potassium. If they are toxic, it is because of the anion. Potassium hydroxide is used in the electrolyte of alkaline cells. Potassium chloride can be used as a substitute for table salt. Potassium ions are colorless and similar to sodium ions. Potassium compounds are only in one oxidation state: +1. Potassium also burns in air easily, to make the peroxide or the superoxide.Ĭhemical compounds Potassium chloride in a flame The hydrogen produced during its reaction with water can burst into flames when a large amount of potassium is added to water. It also reacts very fast with water, which is another reason for its storage in oil. It tarnishes in air to produce a whitish oxidized layer on the surface. Potassium reacts in many chemical reactions similar to sodium and other alkali metals. Strongly alkaline potassium hydroxide is formed in solution. The pink or lilac flame comes from burning potassium vapor. It is the second lightest metal, after lithium.Ĭhemical properties A reaction of potassium metal with water. Its melting point is 63 degrees Celsius (145.4 degrees Fahrenheit). The unstable isotope with 21 neutrons is one of the most common radioactive materials. Potassium has two stable isotopes, with 20 or 22 neutrons. Potassium is not found as an element in nature, because it is so reactive. This symbol is taken from the Latin word kalium. Potassium is a chemical element in the periodic table.
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